Classical Islamic Modernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Old style Islamic Modernism - Essay Example Notwithstanding, Islamic allotments encountered a horde of events that were described by genuine philosophical contradictions and resentful considerations that went before socio-political calamities. Additionally, this ended in insurgencies and change collecting or military overthrows. Besides, one of the central predicaments in production of an understanding was that the emergency between the Islamic conventionality and the common talk. This talk significantly spread into the Islamic administration either neglected to evoke another blend or inspiring one that was not colossally standardized. Moreover, in the nineteenth century, Muslim students started genuine undertakings to fill the hole among Islam and the prestigious Euro-Enlightenment. This possibility came about into Islamic innovation. Besides, related with this progressive gathering somewhat was noninterventionist energy, whose central possibility was to make the contemporary state. ... In this examination, we target revealing the principal parameters of the social statuses that required for the upsurge of the Islamic innovation, noninterventionist and Arabism among others. To this possibility, we stretch out a sociological plan to elucidate on the proximate statuses of belief system. In addition, we at that point remember our sociological explanation for an authentic record of the movement of boss events that occurred in the Islamic allotment, the teaching of an Europocentric beginning of the far reaching headway in this movement, the manner in which secularism was seen by the first intelligent executives, the manner by which it formed the methodologies of the contemporary state, and how this specific possibility inspired its reprisal in the method of Islamic fundamentalism. Throughout the nineteenth century, another and far reaching social event started between the Islamic world and the West. Essentially, all native researchers planned for conceptualizing the cond ition of this event, its contribution to the upsetting waywardness of their country and its situation in offering goals to the dilemma of Muslim down flood. Besides, the highbrow ethnicity makers proceeded to plan thought to address the impediment of their general public. Furthermore, they endeavored to make a plan that would rebuild the arrangement of the authority, for offering preparation to create another general public, and for developing the essential belief systems of specification making. This event was flexible, and the native philosophical goals were unquestionably enhanced, however religion stayed one of the occurrence’s most questioned insightful divisions. Furthermore, Islamic innovation was the underlying

The Moral Principles of Premarital Sex free essay sample

Having solid parental impact can likewise unequivocally influence the results of pre-adulthood and causal sex. Also, marriage can be defenseless against the activities of pre-marriage sex, which can prompt interruption or separation. Easygoing sex is a way people utilize each other as negligible items and to fulfill one’s sexual wants prompting lost duty. Easygoing sex is characterized as having to a greater degree an attention on physical fulfillment then passionate and coming up short on a feeling of duty. It can likewise be a concurrence with a more abnormal or different accomplices that goes on for an extensive stretch of time (â€Å"Casual Sex,† 2011). The normal age of the principal sexual experience is at 17. 7 years as indicated by Hyde (2005). The primary sexual experience is very important and sexual articulation can be shaped dependent on experience. Customary considering sex has gotten uncommon, less preferred and not socially acknowledged. Mentalities in the public eye have changed, making sex increasingly well known and less denounced (Martin, 2003). We will compose a custom paper test on The Moral Principles of Premarital Sex or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Blame and outrage are frequently reactions of easygoing sex, alongside lost duty for long haul connections, marriage regularly being disturbed, prompting the end pre-marriage sex isn't suitable in any methods and ought not be rehearsed. American grown-ups who said easygoing sex wasn't right as finished up to 75% or the populace in 1969. In the 1980’s, 33-37% of American grown-ups said pre-marriage sex wasn't right diminishing by about 40%. These adjustments in the American culture have happened due to the substitution of preservationist ages from the mid twentieth century to an increasingly liberal age later the century. The variances of conclusion are likewise because of the age and social changes of every age, adjusting the perspectives on individuals simultaneously (Harding amp; Jencks, 2003). The conventional lessons of Christianity were not, at this point steady with the people’s faith in America at this point and it is conceivable the connection between these convictions and strict perspectives changed after some time (Petersen amp; Donnenwerth, 1997). This regular acknowledgment of  premarital sex that is happening despite everything has the basic issue of whether it is, truth be told, morally good to take an interest in easygoing sex and the impacts among ladies and men. Do Men’s and Women’s Effects Differ? As per Else-Quest, Hyde, and DeLamater, men are bound to have easygoing sex to get physical fulfillment while ladies are bound to do it for closeness and to improve the relationship (2005). People may encounter sexual movement distinctively due to the distinctions in their contents, which are found out systems about sex. Men’s sexuality tends to not be exposed to relationship factors bringing about a distinction in experience by the two sexes. Some contend that these sexual encounters are significant for person’s sexual contents to create in light of the fact that it permits them to arrange the request for sexual acts and get familiar with the suitable reactions and practices. Be that as it may, these contents that are contended as permitting easygoing sex to proceed, don't generally deliver positive results. After some time, blame can emerge because of a hopeless encounter and could develop into sexual brokenness with long haul impacts. It is more probable for ladies in this general public to create blame due to seeing easygoing sex approaching affection. Yet, again it has been indicated that blame, strain, need or regard, and shame follows the activity of easygoing sex (â€Å"Premarital sex,: 2002-2012). Subsequently, regardless of whether there might be an inspiration for easygoing sex in light of creating one’s content or satisfying a man’s physical fulfillment and a women’s closeness in a relationship, there are the equivalent passionate impacts and negative results that come about because of making part in pre-marriage sex.An move that was ethically right would not have egative enthusiastic and mental outcomes, which would finish up easygoing sex was not proposed to be done before marriage. There is likewise another ramification for taking an interest in easygoing sex, for example, aggravation in later marriage. Sexual contents can be composed preceding marriage, giving information about their own capacities, prompting a steady marriage since they might have the option to settle on progressively educated dec isions concerning marriage. It is additionally likely for somebody to misjudge physical closeness with passionate potential, prompting disturbance in marriage and settle on more terrible conjugal decisions (Kahn, London, 1991). How is Marriage Effected? In today’s society, youths have a positive supposition about dwelling together before marriage. The perspective on marriage as a foundation has blurred and living together has taken another piece of this culture (Martin, Specter, Martin, amp; Martin, 2003). It has regularly been addressed whether pre-marriage sexual action makes relationships be upset. As indicated by Teachman, Premarital sex and dwelling together has not been seen as associated with conjugal interruption whenever restricted to a woman’s spouse (2003). Be that as it may, Kahn and London invalidate this.

Popularity of Gone With the Wind - Literature Essay Samples

Margaret Mitchells romantic epic, Gone With the Wind, owes its remarkable popularity to the climate of sudden self-destruction and dreariness the Depression created. The Old Souths grandeur, coupled with its Civil War-era decadence, provided much-needed escapism for readers, as well as paralleling the U.S.s own plight in the 20s and 30s. In addition, Scarlett OHaras feminist role, her devotion to her land, and her indomitable optimism lent hope to those who had lost faith in the American Dream.A spirit of beautiful, colorful life at the onset sets up the Souths inevitable destruction and magnifies the greatness of the land and its people. Spring had come early that year, with warm quick rains and sudden frothing of pink peach blossoms and dogwood dappling with white stars the dark river swamp and far-off hills. Already the plowing was nearly finished, and the bloody glory of the sunset colored the fresh-cut furrows of red Georgia clay to even redder hues. (10) The foreshadowing o f the bloody glory of sunset is striking, but idealism is the main theme presented here. Scarletts status as a second-generation immigrant adds further to this atmosphere of opportunity. Her father, a proud Irishman, proclaims Land is the only thing in the world that amounts to anything, for ÂÅ'tis the only thing in this world that lastsAnd to anyone with a drop of Irish blood in them the land they live on is like their mother.' (39) The idea of an undersized foreigner claiming a large stake in America as his own must surely have fueled the imagination of the great influx of recent immigrants, many of whom used GWTW as a primer to American literature.Hanging over the tranquil South is the specter of war. Rhett, introducing his role as the novels realist, explains to a group of war hawks, Why, all we have is cotton and slaves and arrogance. [The North]d lick us in a month.' (113) The Souths economic dependency and lack of stability, as well as its overconfidence, mirror that of t he late 1920s U.S. Indeed, the Yankees do lick the Confederates, albeit in more than forty-eight months. The landscape is much changed. Atlanta was longerthe desperately gay place she had loved. It was a hideous place like a plague-stricken city so quiet, so dreadfully quiet after the din of the siege. (341) The sounds of a ravaged South, too, rang familiarly in the ears of ghetto-dwellers and tenant farmers alike who lived in similar settings.But reaffirming the hope of the disenfranchised is Scarlett and her determination to resurrect her homeland. She could not desert Tara; she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belong to her. Her roots went deep into the blood-colored soil and sucked up life, as did the cottonTomorrow there would be so many things to do. (413-4) Her self-imposed desire for progress and the future overrides the faults of Reconstruction, perhaps indicating Mitchells laissez-faire approach to government. Among those faults are the Northe rn soldiers, one of whom enters Tara with Scarlett the only able-bodied person in the house. As he lounged up the walka kaleidoscope of jumbled pictures spun in her mind, stories Aunt Pittypat had whispered of attacks on unprotected women, throat cuttingsall of the unspeakable horrors that lay bound up in the name of ÂÅ'Yankee.' (432) As his intentions to rape are made clear after he symbolically [slips] his pistol back into its holster (433) and asks All alone, little lady?' (433) Scarlett shoots him with the heavy pistolCharles had worn but never fired. (432) Her utilization of a tool her ex-husband never could use is a clear literary act of feminism, as is her triumphant spirit afterwards and the ensuing sisterhood she feels with Melanie: Her eyes went to the stubby hairy hand on the floor so close to the sewing box and suddenly she was vitally alive again, vitally glad with a cool tigerish joyShe had struck a blow for Tara and for EllenThere was a glow of grim pride in [Melan ies] usually gentle face, approbation and a fierce joy in her smile that equaled the fiery tumult in Scarletts own bosom. (434)Scarletts enduring faith in the future and in herself is indelibly stamped at the climax. Rhett declares his unwillingness to live in the broken present and wishes to find the past: Scarlett, I was never one to patiently pick up broken fragments and glue them together and tell myself that the mended whole was as good as new. What is broken is broken and Id rather remember it as it was at its best than mend it and see the broken pieces as long as I lived.' (1022) Scarlett is initially crushed; She wondered forlornly if she had ever really understood anyone in the world. (1023) But the thought of Tara, a quiet place to lick her wounds, a haven in which to plan her campaign, (1023) comforts her. Her final statement reiterates her sentiments for a new tomorrow after Atlantas burning (414), and her faith in her own abilities again avers Mitchells feminist lea nings: With the spirit of her people who would not know defeatshe raised her chin. She could get Rhett backTomorrow, Ill think of some way to get him back. After all, tomorrow is another day.' (1024) With its broad appeal to uprising women, the hopeless, and anyone yearning for a long diversion into a more regal time, as well as its firm beliefs in the American Dream in a time when the premise was widely doubted, GWTWs rank as the most popular American book is undeniable; a more debatable question would be whether Mitchells intentions were first of providing desolate America with romance, or rather of pushing veiled political propaganda.

Grumman F9F Panther in the Korean War

Having had success in building fighters for the US Navy during World War II with models such as the F4F Wildcat, F6F Hellcat, and F8F Bearcat, Grumman began work on its first jet aircraft in 1946. Responding to a request for a jet-powered night fighter, Grummans first effort, dubbed G-75, intended to utilize four Westinghouse J30 jet engines mounted in the wings. The large number of engines was necessary as the output of early turbojets was low. As the design progressed, advances in technology saw the number of engines reduced to two. Designated XF9F-1, the night fighter design lost a competition to the Douglas XF3D-1 Skyknight. As a precaution, the US Navy ordered two prototypes of the Grumman entry on April 11, 1946. Recognizing that the XF9F-1 had key flaws, such as a lack of space for fuel, Grumman commenced evolving the design into a new aircraft. This saw the crew reduced from two to one and the elimination of night-fighting equipment. The new design, the G-79, moved forward as a single-engine, single-seat day fighter. The concept impressed the US Navy which amended the G-75 contract to include three G-79 prototypes. Development Assigned the designation XF9F-2, the US Navy requested that two of the prototypes be powered by the Rolls-Royce Nene centrifugal-flow turbojet engine. During this time, work was moving forward to allow Pratt Whitney to build the Nene under license as the J42. As this had not been completed, the US Navy asked that the third prototype be powered by a General Electric/Allison J33. The XF9F-2 first flew on November 21, 1947 with Grumman test pilot Corwin Corky Meyer at the controls and was powered by one of the Rolls-Royce engines. The XF9F-2 possessed a mid-mounted straight-wing with leading edge and trailing edge flats. Intakes for the engine were triangular in shape and situated in wing root. The elevators were mounted high on the tail. For landing, the aircraft utilized a tricycle landing gear arrangement and a stinger retractable arresting hook. Performing well in testing, it proved capable of 573 mph at 20,000 feet. As trials moved forward, it was found that the aircraft still lacked the necessary fuel storage. To combat this issue, permanently mounted wingtip fuel tanks were mounted to the XF9F-2 in 1948. The new aircraft was named Panther and mounted a base armament of four 20mm cannon which were aimed using a Mark 8 computing optical gunsight. In addition to the guns, the aircraft was capable of carrying a mix of bombs, rockets, and fuel tanks under its wings. In total, the Panther could mount 2,000 pounds of ordnance or fuel externally, though the due to a lack of power from the J42, F9Fs seldom launched with a full load. Production: Entering service in May 1949 with VF-51, the F9F Panther passed its carrier qualifications later that year. While the first two variants of the aircraft, the F9F-2 and F9F-3, differed only in their power plants (J42 vs. J33), the F9F-4 saw the fuselage lengthened, tail enlarged, and the inclusion of the Allison J33 engine. This was later superseded by the F9F-5 which used the same airframe but incorporated a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce RB.44 Tay (Pratt Whitney J48). While the F9F-2 and F9F-5 became the main production models of the Panther, reconnaissance variants (F9F-2P and F9F-5P) were also constructed. Early in the Panthers development, concern arose regarding the aircrafts speed. As a result, a swept-wing version of the aircraft was also designed. Following early engagements with the MiG-15 during the Korean War, work was accelerated and the F9F Cougar produced. First flying in September 1951, the US Navy viewed the Cougar as a derivative of the Panther hence its designation as F9F-6. Despite the accelerated development timeline, F9F-6s did not see combat in Korea. Specifications (F9F-2 Panther): General Length: 37 ft. 5 in.Wingspan: 38 ft.Height: 11 ft. 4 in.Wing Area: 250 ft ²Empty Weight: 9,303 lbs.Loaded Weight: 14,235 lbs.Crew: 1 Performance Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney J42-P-6/P-8 turbojetCombat Radius: 1,300 milesMax. Speed: 575 mphCeiling: 44,600 ft. Armament 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm M2 cannon6 Ãâ€" 5 in. rockets on underwing hardpoints or 2,000 lbs. of bomb Operational History: Joining the fleet in 1949, the F9F Panther was the US Navys first jet fighter. With the US entry into the Korean War in 1950, the aircraft immediately saw combat over the peninsula. On July 3, a Panther from USS Valley Forge (CV-45) flown by Ensign E.W. Brown scored the aircrafts first kill when he downed a Yakovlev Yak-9 near Pyongyang, North Korea. That fall, Chinese MiG-15s entered the conflict. The fast, swept-wing fighter out-classed the US Air Forces F-80 Shooting Stars as well as older piston-engine aircraft such as the F-82 Twin Mustang. Though slower than the MiG-15, US Navy and Marine Corps Panthers proved capable of combating the enemy fighter. On November 9, Lieutenant Commander William Amen of VF-111 downed a MiG-15 for the US Navys first jet fighter kill. Due to the MiGs superiority, the Panther was forced to hold the line for part of the fall until the USAF could rush three squadrons of the new North American F-86 Sabre to Korea. During this time, the Panther was in such demand that the  Navy Flight Demonstration Team (The Blue Angels) was forced to turn over its F9Fs for use in combat. As the Sabre increasingly took over the air superiority role, the Panther began to see extensive use as a ground attack aircraft due to its versatility and hefty payload. Famous pilots of the aircraft included future astronaut John Glenn and Hall of Famer Ted Williams who flew as wingmen in VMF-311. The F9F Panther remained the US Navy and Marine Corps primary aircraft for the duration of the fighting in Korea. As jet technology rapidly advanced, the F9F Panther began to be replaced in American squadrons in the mid-1950s. While the type was withdrawn from frontline service by the US Navy in 1956, it remained active with the Marine Corps until the following year. Though used by reserve formations for several years, the Panther also found use as a drone and drone tug into the 1960s. In 1958, the United States sold several F9Fs to Argentina for use aboard their carrier ARA Independencia (V-1). These remained active until 1969. A successful aircraft for Grumman, the F9F Panther was the first of several jets the company provided for the US Navy, with the most famous being the F-14 Tomcat.

Burger King Corporate Social Responsibility - 1406 Words

Critical Reasoning Individual Essay Assignment Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers â€Å"the ethical principle that a person or an organization should be accountable for how its acts might affect the physical environment and the general public† (Jobber, D. Fahy, J., 2009). Nowadays, CSR programme is a global trend, which is encouraged by the government. It also helps the company in partnership and investment opportunities. On the other hand, CSR programme can enhance the company’s image in the consumers’ views. It would be very effective in a competitive market. And furthermore, CSR programme can improve the productivity and reduce the producing cost for the company. For these reasons, all kinds of business have began to focus on†¦show more content†¦For example, a customer can choose whether to have normal cheese, or low-fat cheese for his burger. Of course, BKC will set the price of low-fat cheese lower than the normal cheese in order to target at the price sensitivity customers and motiv ate more people to use low-fat products. In additional, not only to make a better lifestyle, BKC can help to make a better world in decreasing non-traditional threads (sea rinse, climate change, earthquake†¦) to the earth by using materials that come from certificated suppliers. For instance, source only beef that has been raised in environmentally responsible ways so that none of the beef comes from deforested tropical rainforests. Or using vegetables that come from certificated farms. This will make a worthy contribution to the environment. In terms of implication and evaluation, all the CSR programmes have volunteer characteristics that put society and environment benefits as the main point. However, if BKC apply the new CSR plan, it will gain so many other benefits. â€Å"It is widely known that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the way that leading companies nowadays do business, not only because it is clearly the right thing to do, but also because it is accompanied with long term benefits. One of the benefits CSR is reputable for is its ability to enchase, if not build, your business’s image and reputation† (CSE, 2013). As CSR is the marketing tool, this plan will help to enhanceShow MoreRelatedAnalysing Mcdonalds (Fast Food Outlets) Using the Porters 5 Forces Model – Sometimes Called the Competitive Forces Model.1012 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes competition a major focus. McDonalds however is far larger than most in the industry with 31,000 outlets compared to its nearest hamburger competitor Burger King, with 11,500 (Reuters, 2008). KFC (owned by 2nd largest competitor Yum! Brands (Yahoo7finance, 2008)), Burger King and countless others sell similar product to McDonalds, burgers, chips, drinks, combos and so on, so there is definitely strong competition for customers whom have a choice of places in which to buy similar products. McDonaldsRead MoreEssay about Organizational Structure- Mgt/2301127 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper examines the organizational structures of McDonalds, Burger King, and Wendy’s food restaurants. It will examine the comparison and contrast of the organizational structure of McDonalds with Burger King, and Wendy’s Corporations. What functions influence McDonalds, and explains how the organizational design helps determine the structure that best suits McDonalds needs, as a business. Organizational Structure Burgers are one of the most favored junk foods people like to eat fromRead MoreCompany Analysis On Burger King1549 Words   |  7 PagesInstructor Name: Jay Fisher Date: 02/10/2014 Assignment: Company Analysis on â€Å"Burger King† Introduction: Burger King is a worldwide American chain of fast food restaurants, starting from Miami, Florida. The organization was established in 1953 by David Edgerton and James Mclamore and as of now works in excess of 13,000 outlets in 79 nations. The organization menu has transitioned from their customary burger, fries and pop to a more extensive assortment. Pretty nearly 90% of theirRead MoreComparison Mcdonalds and Burger King1087 Words   |  5 PagesMcDonalds and Burger King are two separate entities with a lot of differences, but the two have been competitors for decades. In order for one to know why the two have come to compete over the years, he or she must first understand the two entities and their entirety. This paper will analyze the differences of the corporate cultures of McDonalds and Burger King, Analyze the ways in which the two have benefitted from one another’s competition, and discuss the ways in which the companies will continueRead MoreCsr Mcdonalds1534 Words   |  7 PagesFirstly, I would like to explain what Corporate Social Responsibility is. â€Å"It is a company’s sense of  responsibility  towards the  community  and  environment  (both ecological and social) in which it  operates.  Companies  express this  citizenship through their waste and  pollution  reduction processes, by contributing educational and social  programs, and by earning  adequate  returns  on the  employed  resources† (Business Dictionary). To put it simply, companies’ responsibilities are not only to meet legal requirementsRead MoreCustomer Service At Mcdonald s And Burger King1472 Words   |  6 PagesCUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Introduction McDonald’s and Burger King are leading restaurants in the fast food industry and are both committed to delivering excellent services to the customers. In the two fast food stores, there are differences in terms of the kind of food they prepare an d the services they offer in the food stores. I a privileged to dine in the two restaurants at a time and made some few observations regarding the services they offer. At McDonald’s they usually engagedRead MoreFive Guys Burgers and Fries1365 Words   |  6 PagesFive Guys Burgers and Fries: Ingredients for Success Dr. Etido Apkan BUS 508: Contemporary Business July 22, 2012 In 1986 when the two oldest sons of Jerry and Janie Murrell decided not to attend college, they made a decision that ultimately changed their family’s lives forever. As supportive parents, the Murrell’s used the money intended for their tuition to open a hamburger take-out shop in Arlington, Virginia to keep the boys close to home and employed (Boone and Kurtz, 2012, p. 78)Read MoreBurger King/Tim Hortons SWOT analysis982 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ SWOT Analysis for Burger King Tim Horton’s Burger King-Tim Horton’s Internal Factor Evaluation Strengths Weight Rating Weighted Score Tim Hortons revenue 0.08 4 0.32 Tim Hortons same-store sales growth 0.09 4 0.36 Tim Hortons market shares in Canada (70% baked goods, 75% coffee) 0.09 4 0.36 Burger King size 0.05 3 0.15 Tim Hortons brand image 0.09 4 0.36 Burger Kings brand recognition 0.04 3 0.12 Tim Hortons healthier options 0.07 3 0.21 Burger Kings tax savings of 8.5% (moving headquartersRead MoreEthical Issues Of Marketing Field Of Australia1450 Words   |  6 Pagesmentioned the corporate social responsibility as an ethical business factor. Protscha and Solga in 2013 has mentioned that in Australia 35% ethical dilemmas are raised from corruption, 20% from cultural differences, 12% from pricing practices, 10% from unethical gift or sample as commission, 4% from technology and politics, 2.5% from Tax and theft. Here in this essay, two different companies of Australia will be represented. (Protsch and Solga, 2005) Burger King (Food Industry): Burger King is one ofRead MorePrivacy : The Legal, Legitimate Government Of A State And Is So Recognized By Other States1920 Words   |  8 Pagesor organization is immune from requiring information privacy protection. Laws concerning â€Å"information security, privacy, cashless payments and consumer credit, protection and fraud† (Burger King Worldwide, Inc., Form 10-K, 2014) correspondingly control fast food franchises such as McDonald’s, Wendy’s, and Burger King. Technology is rapidly developing daily, and, likewise, growing increasingly sophisticated. More personal information is composed, warehoused, and bartered. Amassing customers’ personal

Medical Imaging/Radiology Small Bowel Obstructions

Question: Discuss about theMedical Imaging/Radiology for Small Bowel Obstructions. Answer: Introduction: Condition/Pathological Process/Medical Significance The small bowel obstructions (SBO) are the category of intestinal or bowel obstruction that is functional or mechanical blocks in the intestine that leads to hindrance in normal intestinal. These SBOs can lead to hindrance in normal transmission or excretion of digestion products from intestine. The major causes of SBO are barbed sutures, volvulus, ischemic strictures, pseudo-obstruction, intestinal atresia, and artery syndrome. Further, occurring of adhesions due to surgeries (abdominal), Crohns disease also causes small bowel obstruction. The typical clinical indications of SBO formation are the crimpy abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting nausea, abdominal distension (1, 4). Pathological Process and Medical Significance The occurrence of SBO in the intestine leads to accumulation of GI secretions and gas in bowel proximal of the intestine that is basically the site of Small bowel obstructions. This action further enhances the cell secretory function leading to increasing in more bowel proximal accumulation. Hence, active peristalsis gets initiated above and below the obstruction (2). At peak level of obstruction, there is the occurrence of vomiting that leads to enhancement of intraluminal pressures which in turn causes bowel wall lymphedema. The increased intraluminal pressure in capillary beds leads to accumulation of fluids and other materials in intestinal lumen enhancing increased mortality and morbidity. The formation of adhesions occurs when the bowel twist on its mesenteric pedicle which if left untreated can also lead to death. Further, bacterial growth at the site of obstruction leads to microvascular changes that allow mesenteric lymph nodes translocation. The medical significance of SBO includes sepsis formation, wound dehiscence, abdominal abscess, short bowel syndrome, aspiration and even death due to delay in treatment (5). Imaging Procedures Employed to Evaluate the Pathology The plain radiography of flat and upright view is required in case SBO is suspected, however, this imaging process is applicable in the case of simple obstruction. Further, enteroclysis is required when plain radiography fails to detect SBO even in the presence of clinical symptoms. Enteroclysis confirms SBO in partial and complete blockages. Further, CT scan (computed tomography scanning) is employed when clinical conditions like pain, fever, tachycardia and leucocytosis occur in the patient (3). Radiologic Features The first and foremost identifyingthe radiological feature of small bowel obstruction is an appearance of air-fluid small bowel that is visual in plain radiography (plain X-ray). Further, the appearance of colonic gas highlights incomplete obstruction rather than complete SBO. Plain radiographic also highlights the presence of foreign body like gallstones. However, in contrast, radiography, gastrografin bowel appears as an obstruction in the mid-small bowel. There is the appearance of third special fluid in the intestinal lumen. The simple SMO are normal in appearance whereas complex once are volvulus, ischemic bowel, closed-loop, and incarcerated hernias (3,5,6). Treatment Options There are both operative and non-operative treatment options as per the condition of SBO. Non-Operative Treatments Adhesions A reduction in intraoperative trauma can minimise the adhesion formation in the peritoneal surfaces Acute Postoperative Obstruction Intervention These are basically postoperative conditions that arise after SBO surgeries including incisional pain and ileus formation. They require nursing management strategies for control Malignant Tumour Treatment Surgical resection is considered to be non-operative treatment for obstruction occurring due to tumour formation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management The occurrence of inflammation is a sign of SBO formation, therefore, high-dose steroids, parenteral treatment, and bowel rest are non-operative processes to control inflammatory bowel disease. In case non-operative treatment is not functional than bowel resection, surgery, and stricturoplasty is employed for treatment (7) Radiation Therapy This involves as a non-operative treatment where acute radiation therapy is applied to SBO followed by steroids. If radiation therapy isnt successful then surgical treatment is the only option. Monitoring and Observation The pulse rate, blood pressure, and turgor pressure, urine output measures regularly indicate the fluid status of the body. Therefore, proper measurement and observations help to monitor the severity of the disease. Nasogastric Tube This nasogastric tube is used for upper gastrointestinal decompression to avoid nausea, vomiting and bowel distension (8) Analgesia The medication is prescribed to relief the peritoneal irritation indications that are initial signs of bowel ischemia. Fluid Replacement Therapy There is a continuous loss of fluid due to vomiting and sequestration in initial stages of the disease. Therefore, fluid replacement therapy in for of isotonic fluid intake in litres is maintained to replace the fluid loss (1, 2). Operative Treatments The laparoscopy is implemented as a safe and effective surgical option in case of severe conditions of small bowel obstruction. Surgery is an easy going process when only single adhesive band or a hernia is the cause of SBO but surgery is complex when dense adhesions produce SBO. The operative treatment is involved in the case of failure of non-operative management or treatment (9). References OConnor DB, Winter DC. The role of laparoscopy in the management of acute small-bowel obstruction: a review of over 2,000 cases. Surgical endoscopy. 2012 Jan 1;26(1):12-7. Maung AA, Johnson DC, Piper GL, Barbosa RR, Rowell SE, Bokhari F, Collins JN, Gordon JR, Ra JH, Kerwin AJ. Evaluation and management of small-bowel obstruction: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2012 Nov 1;73(5):S362-9. Lee JM, Jung SE, Lee KY. Small-bowel obstruction caused by phytobezoar: MR imaging findings. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2012 Nov 23. Bartels SA, Vlug MS, Hollmann MW, Dijkgraaf MG, Ubbink DT, Cense HA, van Wagensveld BA, Engel AF, Gerhards MF, Bemelman WA. Small bowel obstruction, incisional hernia and survival after laparoscopic and open colonic resection (LAFA study). British Journal of Surgery. 2014 Aug 1;101(9):1153-9. Tierris I, Mavrantonis C, Stratoulias C, Panousis G, Mpetsou A, Kalochristianakis N. Laparoscopy for acute small bowel obstruction: indication or contraindication?. Surgical endoscopy. 2011 Feb 1;25(2):531-5. Kirshtein B, Mizrahi S, Sinelnikov I, Lantsberg L. Abdominal cocoon as a rare cause of small bowel obstruction in an elderly man: report of a case and review of the literature. Indian Journal of Surgery. 2011 Jan 1;73(1):73-5. Li, M. Z., Lian, L., Xiao, L. B., Wu, W. H., He, Y. L., Song, X. M. (2012). Laparoscopic versus open adhesiolysis in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The American Journal of Surgery,204(5), 779-786. Maung, A. A., Johnson, D. C., Piper, G. L., Barbosa, R. R., Rowell, S. E., Bokhari, F., ... Kerwin, A. J. (2012). Evaluation and management of small-bowel obstruction: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline.Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery,73(5), S362-S369. Lee, J. M., Jung, S. E., Lee, K. Y. (2012). Small-bowel obstruction caused by phytobezoar: MR imaging findings.American Journal of Roentgenology.

Physical/Cognitive Development Communication Cda Competency Essay Example

Physical/Cognitive Development Communication Cda Competency Essay Working with diverse groups of infants, preschoolers and school age children has been an integral part of my life for the past 11 ? years. A lot can be learned from observing the almost magical transformation children undergo in their first few years of life. It takes a curious tot to point out the trail of ants crossing a crack in a pathway. They take the time to stop and notice the little things. They are scientists, mathematicians, artists and have little problems communicating their most basic needs. During the first five years of life children develop at an astounding speed. Allowing the infant a safe clean area to practice rolling and scooting will encourage gross motor development, offering infants rattles and different textures will help him develop fine motor skills. The infant who was once immobile eventually picks himself up and begins to walk. The preschooler is more sophisticated in his gross and fine motor skills. They can run, jump and climb; they can hold crayons and begin to form basic shapes. Allowing children opportunities to play in open spaces with climbing apparatuses and providing opportunities to practice pouring juice from a pitcher can help them develop both their gross and fine motor skills. Cognitive development refers to the acquisition and use of thinking skills, young children are active participants in the learning process. For example, an infant who is hungry or wet may stop crying when he sees his care giver get a bottle or diaper; the infant has learned that when his care giver does this his discomfort will end soon. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical/Cognitive Development Communication Cda Competency specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical/Cognitive Development Communication Cda Competency specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical/Cognitive Development Communication Cda Competency specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Preschool children are like little scientist and mathematicians, they are curious about what they observe, they ask questions and make predictions. Providing activities such as sorting and stringing beads can help children develop their cognitive skills. Communication is the sharing of ideas and feelings with others; we communicate using gestures, facial expressions, touch, pictures, speech and writing. Infants show theyre able to understand language early on by responding to directions, understanding words or pointing to family members. Preschoolers use their growing vocabularies and communication skills to express feelings, ideas and curiosity about the world around them. We can promote children’s communication skills by reading to them daily and by offering an environment that encourages children to make connections and understand the differences between speech and print. Creativity is an important aspect of helping children develop. Cognitive, socialization, communication and physical skills are just a few areas of development that are greatly enhanced when creativity is brought to the classroom. Displaying the children’s creations to show to friends and relatives can boost their self esteem. Providing dress up clothes, props, puppets and letting them use their imaginations help children become confident in themselves because they have had an opportunity for self expression. Although having a classroom that consists of mixed-aged children can be difficult to handle, I’ve learned that children learn from each other. Younger children try to model the older children’s behavior such as developing an early interest in using the bathroom as well as in printing and reading. Older children tend to be more sensitive to the needs of the younger children and feel a sense of pride when they can help a younger peer in distress. Overall, having a positive attitude, being informed, planning ahead, seeking support when needed and maintaining a consistent routine are the most important ingredients in successfully cultivating an environment in which children will excel.

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire

The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire Free Online Research Papers The Roman Empire was known for many things. Its government, its leaders, and even certain achievements in history. People read about the Rise of the Roman Empirebut what about the fall? Many things in Roman History ultimately led to the fall of the Roman Empire. The population was decreasing. Plagues swept through the Roman citizens and birth rates were at all time lows. They welcomed barbarians who fed them food polluted with lead. Roman wealth in the West was deteriorating and the barbarians who kept camp outside the empire were often just as wealthy as the empire as a whole. Rome was being populated more and more by the barbarians than Roman citizens. This led to the military practically being led and populated by barbarians. The Roman legion was losing dominance because of the military advances of the cavalry. The Romans were also losing the value of their money. Coins worth one dollar were being spent as if they were worth 2 or three. Roman coins consisted mostly of four type of precious metal. Aureus were made from gold, Denarius were made from silver, sestertius and dupondius were made from bronze, and as was made from copper. As time went by the Roman coinage was losing value. They were still being accepted as a form of payment until the middle of the third century B.C to third century A.D. The coins kept being replaced and denominated until they were basically worth nothing. The Aerarium, or the state treasury, was overlooked by the Quaestors, then the Praetors, and then the Prefects. Eventually the Emperor took over and made his own treasury. It was known as the Fiscus. The Aerarium was still around but was used for tribute. Other Imperial territories put their money in the fiscus. The Roman trade is what was driving the economy. The Romans knew of two type of business man. The negotiators, part bankers because they lent on interest, and the Mercatoers, usually pleblians or freedmen. The negotiators bought and/or sold things in bulk and/or did whole sale quantities of goods. The Argetarii were considered to be a subset of the negotiators. They acted as agents in public or private auctions, kept deposits of money for individuals, cashed cheques, and served as many changers. They kept strict books or tabulae which were considered legal proof in courts. The Mensarii were public bankers anointed by the state. The Romans did not only trade with each other but also with India and China. The Roman social class was divided in to several classes based on ancestry and property. The broadest division was by ancestry. The Patricians, persons who could trace their ancestry to the First Roman senate established by Romulus, and the pleblians, the other citizens. At first only Patricians were allowed to hold public offices and the classes couldn’t intermarry. This changed when the pleblians had a sort of workers strike. The with held their labor and pulled enough power to change things.After this the status on the patrician and pleblians became less and less important. There were also non-citizens. This group consisted of slaves, freedmen, foreigners, and women. The freedmen, women, and foreigners had different legal rights from those of citizen status but slaves had no rights what so ever(shocking). The free born women belonged to the social class of their father until they were married. After that they take the status of their husbands. Women who were freed could mar ry but had restrictions. They couldn’t marry knights or Senators and they didn’t take their husbands rank. Foreigners had the Latin Right. A form of Roman citizenship but people under the Latin Right couldn’t vote and they had fewer rights under the Roman Law. The slaves were not allowed to marry. The Roman Empire seems(when you read it) as if it was doing fine. The economy was okay, social classes set in order, and the leaders were in the driver’s seat†¦most of the time. The Roman Empire was said to have fallen on September 4, 476 A.D. He over took Romulus Augustulus and seized control of Italy. He didn’t take the title as emperor and ended 500 years of Roman rule. Research Papers on The Rise and Fall of the Roman EmpireQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasWhere Wild and West MeetGenetic Engineering

Amazon.Com Case Studies

Kannan Submission Date: 07. March. 2009 [pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS ChapterTitlePage 1. 0Executive Summary 2. 0Problem Statement1 3. 0Analysis of Causes 3. 1 Amazon’s Debt 2-3 3. 2 Competition3-4 3. 3 Expansion4-6 4. 0Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions 4. 1 Reduce expenditure in inventories and better management7 in supply chain 4. Presenting a competitive edge to competitors7 4. 3 Expansionto Asia8 5. Recommended Solutions 5. 1 Technology Integration and RD9 5. 2 Strategic Cost Analysis9 5. 3 Differentiation9 5. 4 Inventory10 5. 5 Visionary Informative10-11 5. 6 Keep customers in the loop on everything11 5. 7 Shipping Delivery11 5. 8 Expansion to Asia Region11-12 5. 9 Word-of mouth advertisement12 6. 0 Expand the product lines13 6. 0Appendices14-16 7. 0References17 Executive Summary The study comprises of Amazon. om which started its history by selling books and now one of the online market leaders globally not only for books but products from various categories. Compa ny started with a mission to be Earth’s most customer centric company. In order to become the largest and convenience online store for all, there are major problems or threat being faced by Amazon. com in succeeding its mission. The major problems are Amazon facing high amount of debt, it’s less initiative in not expanding to other developed countries, and also competition from other online retailers and one tough opponent is Barnes Nobles. Many plans of actions can be taken and some of it is; Amazon. com should decrease long–term debt by increasing expenditure on research and development, increasing word-to-mouth advertisement and good customer service. Amazon. com should also expand the five most common languages in Asian region. Focus marketing strategies on customer feedback to find out what Asian customers tend to buy and willing to spend on. Strategize new plan on improving sites to be informative and attractive as much as possible so Amazon. com should also adapt to the best technology where it can sustain as a strong innovator in ever increasing retailer market. Amazon. com also must strive to give customers the best service in shipping and delivery as it’s an important aspect in online business to out beat its entire competitors on this online industry. Problem Statement The main problem faced by Amazon. com now being an online retailer can be divided to three in overall. Amazon. com is in confronting huge debt behind their successful screen. Amazon. com is lack of expansion to other regions or Asia which be said as another big market for a huge online bookseller as Amazon. com. Another problem is the competition being faced by them with one of the tough opponent as BarnesNobles. Analysis of the Problem Amazon. com’s in Debt 3. 1 Amazon’s Debt One of major causes of Amazon’s huge debt is its large expenditure. In order to keep its advantageous position, Amazon has no choice but to continue to spend astronomical amounts of money on sales marketing, research development and general administrative costs. (Table 1 Table 2) â€Å"One misstep, and its love affair withy investors and sources of capital could be over. (Kimberly Weisul, 1999) †¢ Competitors Although Amazon won the battle soon after entering the online cd and music market, there are some competitions in other product lines that may be too immensely strong to beat. For example, in March of 1999, Amazon introduced an auction service. After a few months effort, its auction business performed slightly, indicating how difficult it is to challenge the giant’s eBay and Y ahoo! Auctions. |Auction Sites |27-Sep-99 |Multiplier needed to equal eBay listings | |Amazon Auctions |4. 0% |15. 3 | |eBay |73. 60% |   | |Yahoo! Auctions |21. 60% |3. 4 | Source: Auction Web sites and C. E Unterberg Towbin †¢ Consumer Behavior Amazon. com is widely regarded as having one of the best management team of any internet company. However, there are some outside forces that are not easy to manipulate. Security; as the number of Internet crimes increases, customers are becoming aware of the possible danger involved in the process of on-line shopping. This security problem may not be difficult to improve since security technology is innovated quickly, but to convince customer of this is not as easy ? Etailers vs. retailers Another factor is hard to manage customer purchasing habits. Most consumers still prefer the capability of seeing a product before buying it. Additionally, the number of people buying personal computers and that of the Internet population will dir ectly affect Amazon’s sale. . 2 Competition †¢ Michael Porter’s Model ? Supplier ; Amazon started to build its own distribution centers in different locations and moving the products directly form the factory rather than from other distributors such that Amazon can lower its marginal costs. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999) ? Consumers ; Amazon. com continues to spend a lot of money in advertisement to reach customers as well as to increase customer awareness of eCommerce in general and brand name in particular. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999) ? Substitutes; The Substitute of eCommerce, the traditional retailers, is still more attractive than the Etailers. For example, we as consumers more than likely would rather go to the bookstore and browse through a book before we buy it. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999 ) 3. 3 Expansion †¢ Lack of Spanish website version (Latino and Hispanic Americans are the fastest-growing online ethnic group) †¢ Amazon. com is very less popular or it can said there are people without knowing the existence of Amazon. om †¢ Website is not more expanded with more languages options where currently there are options only for Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China (www. amazon. com) Competition with Barnes Nobles Amazon. com Weakness ? Difficulties of handling large number of customers ? Limited operating history ? Security awareness ? Low margins in the sector ? Risk of introduction of wrong new categories which could damage company’s bran d ? Company’s offered free shipping might affect future financial outcome ? Certain products (high volume/weight) have high shipping costs which could confront with local offline retailers Threats ? eBay, Barnes Nobles, and Wal-Mart ? Population segment not targeted to on-line sales due to their lack of internet access ? Weak economic performance of Germany and France in the last year ? Competition will increase due to the low barriers to entry in the market: offline companies are coming online ? Heavy investments in Partnerships (Dustin Nadeau Donatas Sumyla. April 2006) Barnes and Nobles and Amazon. com are competing, but both stores and other online stores recognize what works and are studying one another – often duplicating one another’s business strategies. This has resulted in them having more similarities than differences and it helps the consumers find similarities across the Web such as; †¢ When a description of an item is given, Amazon and Barnes and Nobles both place the shopping cart option prominently displayed to the upper, right portion of the screen. This makes it very efficient and useable for the viewer and they do not have to search around the page for this button. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ In pricing, both Amazon. com and Barnesandnobles. com display the average price or their items above their own discounted rates so that the users feel as though they are saving money. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ Both sites are â€Å"Flexible†, there is an option of buying things at a later date and placing them in the shopping cart temporarily. This option is called the wish list and it is displayed just beneath the â€Å"Add to Cart† button. Users can access this saved information and acce ss it on their next visit. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ Both sites offer â€Å"Security† that provides safe shopping, privacy and efficiency by requiring customers to join as members at a certain point during a transaction. Membership is free and requires an email address, full name, home address and phone number. It allowing customers to maintain an order status and helps provide a history of what they bought. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢   Both sites are very â€Å"Scalable†, allowing for a huge selection of items to be added to the product catalog or taken away. A Field size is accommodated in the database. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) 4. 0 Alternative Solutions 4. 1 Reduce expenditure in inventories and better management in supply chain ? Use increased income to pay down long-term debt ? Keep operating costs low (efficiencies of scales) ? Increase expenditure on Research Development arena ? Strategic cost analysis ( WOU , MIS notes) ? Determining Differentiation ( WOU , MIS notes) 4. 2 Presenting a competitive edge to competitors †¢ Create more expertise in marketing and more product launches compared to competitors; †¢ Do a more through research on the customers needs and come up with something new that has its own brand and establishes as only Amazon. om could have the product. (Sujan Sarkar. April 23, 2007) †¢ A new Strategy on only books should be brought up in order to outcome one tough opponent as Barnes Nobles. For example, Amazon. com’s booth’s can be set up in country sides where there is no access for Internet and give knowledge to country people that there also business through online. This is because; giving more exposure and awareness to people might be a business opportunit y as well. †¢ Product review information; Customers would have n a clear description, synopsis and other customer’s review on the book as it gives a clear rating of the book and there won’t be any sort of disappointments for them after purchase. 4. 3 Expansion to Asia †¢ Create different website versions based on the five most common language in Asian region †¢ Focus marketing strategies on customer feedback to find out what Asian customers tend to buy. †¢ Word of mouth advertisement (Onder Savas Devrim Dirik. January 9, 2003) †¢ Continue expanding its product lines 5. 0 Recommended Solution Implementation 5. Technology Integration and RD Amazon. com should increase expenditure in the research and development arena. We believe that Amazon should prepare itself for additional telecommunications implementations such as high speed internet and network security. These types of implementation, though representative of considerable RD costs, are pro bably most significant factors that etailers must prepare for near future. As users, connections increase in speed, any delays on the part of the etailer they are connecting to will become obvious and less tolerable. Amazon can stay ahead of the pack by preparing a unique and comfortable interface for the users. 5. 2 Strategic Cost Analysis Amazon. com should also use Strategic cost analysis process where identify the firm’s value chain, diagnose the key elements that drive the costs of each value activity, identify competitors value chains, develop a strategy to lower relative costs by controlling cost drivers, ensure that any cost reduction does not erode differentiation in service and test the cost reductions if its sustainable in the end of the analysis. . 3 Differentiation They should also consider by costs by determining Differentiation where the process goes as determine who the real buyer is, identify buyer’s value chain and put in rank order the buyer’s reason to purchase, asses the current potential sources of diffentiation, identify the cost of these resources, design a value chain to maximize value relative costs, test for sustainiablity and reduce costs in activi ties that do not affect the chosen forms of differentiation. 5. Inventory; There are programs built to be extremely user-friendly, and most offer great support along the way of usage for online businesses to maintain the book database. Amazon should invest in software to best highlight and maintain the data on the site and importantly back up systems. Keep inventory accurate and up to date; This is also an important aspect that Amazon can out beat its competitors with as this is first step towards building a long-term relationship with that customer. Inventory of the books stock-out and sold out will be kept up to date on the site. 5. 5 Visionary Informative A picture is worth a thousand words; Uploading pictures by decreasing explanations or descriptions could attract customer’s attraction and curiosity in exploring the book. Somehow it boosts up sales compared to other online booksellers who give attention in words. Product Review Information; In case of books, editorial reviews are provided by the company and it applies for all books. Customers can also rate each other’s review. A rating is placed against each review so that customers can decide whether to read or not based on that. Most online booksellers do not include this but they display the customer’s satisfaction on the delivery service provided by them which is less important to boost up sales. People out there want to pay you for your books; Amazon should use own merchant service account or a service offered by a listing site, make sure that customers can buy books quickly and painlessly with a credit card while you have them on the brink of finalizing said purchase. Don’t judge a book by its cover; First impressions are lasting impressions. When a customer receives the book they’ve ordered, make sure the first thing they see is a product and package that you are proud to have supplied by using use clean, new boxes without writing (or envelopes for low-cost paperbacks) for shipments. Customers will be expecting an excellent service but if its vice versa then they are chances for them to switch to other online retailers. 5. 6 Keep customers in the loop on everything; Amazon should update the status of order to customers on the order made and also keep them in loop by e-mail the listing service directly with questions about their orders and keep updating the latest events and new stocks of books through emails. 5. 7 Shipping Delivery Follow-up; After shipping out an item to the customer, Amazon should send them an e-mail a day or two after expecting that they’ll receive their package, asking them if they’ve received it and are satisfied, and reminding them that there customer rep are there to help should they have any questions about their order. This is also a great time to remind them that you have similar items in stock or to offer them a coupon towards future purchases. 5. 8 Expansion to Asia Region Amazon should strive to expand its expertise to Asia region as well as high potentials are there which huge population. Education is becoming one important aspect in Asia and lack of important reference books are always a problem in many parts of Asia. It should diversify its marketing capability in Asia too to capture the market. Amazon is very less popular in Asia regions. Amazon. om should take Asia to consider for its business expansion. Amazon could also diversify its marketing and research ability to expand mostly to the developed countries of other territory. In order to grow big and always sustain in the market and competition, Amazon should takes this sort of steps to expand. International Sites; Amazon. com has got an added advantage of international sites on Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China. All about what the customers have to do to browse the site with their language is by clicking to their national site. For example, if you clink Japan, immediately the whole website will change its descriptions and instructions into Japanese language. This is not at all applicable for a customer in Malaysia or any other regions of Asia. It should expand and add more languages options in its site to accumulate its customers. Giving customers what they want is also one strategy not all online business can do but if this can be proven in Amazon’s case then it have all the potential to be the one. 5. 9 Word-of mouth advertisement Amazon also should increase its word-of mouth advertisement. This might seem odd for an industry leader to rely upon such a quaint tactics as this, but we truly believe that in the world of Internet this is a powerful tool. We are quick to visit sites that our friends identify as being fabulous, and Amazon might capitalize on this by rewarding its customers who can reel in a new prospects. 6. 0 Expand the product lines Amazon should expand its product lines. Given’s Amazon’s vision and its unique position in the etailer industry, the cost associated with entering new markets is significantly lower than that of its competitors. There is no reasons to let this advantage slip away unused. Conclusion In order to stay focus on business Amazon. com has various ways and strategies that can be implemented with proper organizations communication networks. Financial reports should be reviewed annually and quarterly if necessary to come up with decisions whether to boost up sales or to maintain on a certain criteria for the wellness of business. Amazon. com also should have a frequent customer feedback program where they could exchange view on the services and products most desired to be acquired online by customers. Top level management meetings should be initiated to assure goals are achieved. A proper corrective action should be determined after the first year if annual objectives weren’t accomplished. However there are difficulties and competitions to overcome, and how companies attack these difficulties will separate the winners form the losers. Appendix |AMAZON. COM, INC. HISTORICAL INCOME STATEMENTS | |(in millions, except per share data)(quarterly information unaudited) | |Amazon. com Investor Relations | | | | | | | |Calendar Years Ended – December 31, | | |2008 |2007 |2006 |2005 |2004 |2003 |2002 | |Media |   | $ 5,350 | $ 4,630 | $ 3,582 | $ 3,046 | $ 2,589 | $ | | | | | | | | |2,270 | |Other |   | 448 | 326 | 263 | 222 | 130 | | | | | | | | | |110 | |International |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Media |   | 5,734 | 4,612 | 3,485 | 2,885 | 2,513 | | | | | | | | | |1,780 | |Other |   | 94| 57| 20| | | | | | | | | |8 |2 |- | |Consolidated |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Media |   | 11,084 | 9,242 | 7,067 | 5,931 | 5,102 | | | | | | | | | |4,050 | |Other |   | 542 | 383 | 283 | 230 | 132 | | | | | | | | | |110 | Table 2- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) |Total U. S. Home, Work and University Locations, Unique Visitors (000) | |Source: comScore Media Metrix | |Rank |Property |Unique Visitors |Rank |Property |Unique Visitors | | | |(000) | | |  (000) | |   |Total Internet : Total Audience |191,863 |   |   |   | |1 |Google Sites |151,010 |26 |Target Corporation |28,628 | |2 |Yahoo! Sites |146,131 |27 |Time Warner – Excluding AOL |27,209 | |3 |Microsoft Sites |125,568 |28 |Weatherbug Property |26,944 | |4 |AOL LLC |108,441 |29 |Bank of America |26,322 | |5 |Fox Interactive Media |90,510 |30 |United Online, Inc |26,048 | |6 |Ask Network |74,742 |31 |Gorilla Nation |25,585 | |7 |eBay |72,160 |32 |ATT, Inc. 25,574 | |8 |Amazon Sites |64,768 |33 |Answers. com Sites |25,563 | |9 |Wikipedia Foundation Sites |62,737 |34 |Demand Media |25,447 | |10 |FACEBOOK. COM |57,232 |35 |CareerBuilder LLC |24,750 | |11 |Glam Media |55,293 |36 |Everyday Health |24,717 | |12 |Turner Network |54,877 |37 |Shopzilla. com Sites |24,097 | |13 |Apple Inc. 54,194 |38 |Photobucket. com LLC |23,928 | |14 |CBS Corporation |53,539 |39 |WordPress |23,730 | |15 |New York Times Digital |49,110 |40 |Real. com Network |23,359 | |16 |Viacom Digital |46,510 |41 |Expedia Inc |22,703 | |17 |Weather Channel, The |40,056 |42 |JPMorgan Chase Property |22,399 | |18 |craigslist, inc. 39,437 |43 |Monst er Worldwide |22,244 | |19 |ATT Interactive Network |38,184 |44 |Gannett Sites |21,829 | |20 |Adobe Sites |35,315 |45 |WorldNow – ABC Owned Sites |21,586 | |21 |Comcast Corporation |33,940 |46 |WebMD Health |21,185 | |22 |Wal-Mart |33,513 |47 |iVillage. com: The Womens Network |21,002 | |23 |Superpages. com Network |32,558 |48 |NBC Universal |20,974 | |24 |Verizon Communications Corporation |32,412 |49 |WhitePages |19,351 | |25 |Disney Online |30,345 |50 |ESPN |19,266 | Table 3; Media Matrix; http://www. comscore. com References 1] Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999 http://www. rhsmith. umd. du/faculty/jbailey/ents630/amazon. pdf 2] Dustin Nadeau Donatas Sumyla. April 2006- Amazon. Com Inc 2004. (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 3] Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001 – E-Transaction: Shopping Carts Comparison (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 4] Paul Larson. February 14, Amazon. com – Motley Fool Research, Stock Report http://www. fool. com/search/index. aspx? go=1site=USMFq=am azon. com (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 5] Onder Savas Devrim Dirik. January 9, 2003 – Informat? on Management (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 6] Strategic Analysis of Amazon. com (Accessed Feb 19, 2009) 7] www. wikinvest. com/wiki/E-Commerce, (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 8] www. ikinvest. com/stock/Amazon. com_(AMZN), (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 9] www. wikinvest. com/stock/Barnes_%26_Noble_(BKS), (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 10] Sujan Sarkar. April 23, 2007 – Amazon vs. Barnes Noble: www. santarosa. edu/~ssarkar/cs66sp07/fprj/abn. htm (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 11] Table 1- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) 12] Table 2- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) 13] Table 3; Media Matrix; http://www. comscore. com (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) ———————– AMAZON Supplier New Entrance Substitute Consumers Amazon.Com Case Studies Kannan Submission Date: 07. March. 2009 [pic] TABLE OF CONTENTS ChapterTitlePage 1. 0Executive Summary 2. 0Problem Statement1 3. 0Analysis of Causes 3. 1 Amazon’s Debt 2-3 3. 2 Competition3-4 3. 3 Expansion4-6 4. 0Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions 4. 1 Reduce expenditure in inventories and better management7 in supply chain 4. Presenting a competitive edge to competitors7 4. 3 Expansionto Asia8 5. Recommended Solutions 5. 1 Technology Integration and RD9 5. 2 Strategic Cost Analysis9 5. 3 Differentiation9 5. 4 Inventory10 5. 5 Visionary Informative10-11 5. 6 Keep customers in the loop on everything11 5. 7 Shipping Delivery11 5. 8 Expansion to Asia Region11-12 5. 9 Word-of mouth advertisement12 6. 0 Expand the product lines13 6. 0Appendices14-16 7. 0References17 Executive Summary The study comprises of Amazon. om which started its history by selling books and now one of the online market leaders globally not only for books but products from various categories. Compa ny started with a mission to be Earth’s most customer centric company. In order to become the largest and convenience online store for all, there are major problems or threat being faced by Amazon. com in succeeding its mission. The major problems are Amazon facing high amount of debt, it’s less initiative in not expanding to other developed countries, and also competition from other online retailers and one tough opponent is Barnes Nobles. Many plans of actions can be taken and some of it is; Amazon. com should decrease long–term debt by increasing expenditure on research and development, increasing word-to-mouth advertisement and good customer service. Amazon. com should also expand the five most common languages in Asian region. Focus marketing strategies on customer feedback to find out what Asian customers tend to buy and willing to spend on. Strategize new plan on improving sites to be informative and attractive as much as possible so Amazon. com should also adapt to the best technology where it can sustain as a strong innovator in ever increasing retailer market. Amazon. com also must strive to give customers the best service in shipping and delivery as it’s an important aspect in online business to out beat its entire competitors on this online industry. Problem Statement The main problem faced by Amazon. com now being an online retailer can be divided to three in overall. Amazon. com is in confronting huge debt behind their successful screen. Amazon. com is lack of expansion to other regions or Asia which be said as another big market for a huge online bookseller as Amazon. com. Another problem is the competition being faced by them with one of the tough opponent as BarnesNobles. Analysis of the Problem Amazon. com’s in Debt 3. 1 Amazon’s Debt One of major causes of Amazon’s huge debt is its large expenditure. In order to keep its advantageous position, Amazon has no choice but to continue to spend astronomical amounts of money on sales marketing, research development and general administrative costs. (Table 1 Table 2) â€Å"One misstep, and its love affair withy investors and sources of capital could be over. (Kimberly Weisul, 1999) †¢ Competitors Although Amazon won the battle soon after entering the online cd and music market, there are some competitions in other product lines that may be too immensely strong to beat. For example, in March of 1999, Amazon introduced an auction service. After a few months effort, its auction business performed slightly, indicating how difficult it is to challenge the giant’s eBay and Y ahoo! Auctions. |Auction Sites |27-Sep-99 |Multiplier needed to equal eBay listings | |Amazon Auctions |4. 0% |15. 3 | |eBay |73. 60% |   | |Yahoo! Auctions |21. 60% |3. 4 | Source: Auction Web sites and C. E Unterberg Towbin †¢ Consumer Behavior Amazon. com is widely regarded as having one of the best management team of any internet company. However, there are some outside forces that are not easy to manipulate. Security; as the number of Internet crimes increases, customers are becoming aware of the possible danger involved in the process of on-line shopping. This security problem may not be difficult to improve since security technology is innovated quickly, but to convince customer of this is not as easy ? Etailers vs. retailers Another factor is hard to manage customer purchasing habits. Most consumers still prefer the capability of seeing a product before buying it. Additionally, the number of people buying personal computers and that of the Internet population will dir ectly affect Amazon’s sale. . 2 Competition †¢ Michael Porter’s Model ? Supplier ; Amazon started to build its own distribution centers in different locations and moving the products directly form the factory rather than from other distributors such that Amazon can lower its marginal costs. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999) ? Consumers ; Amazon. com continues to spend a lot of money in advertisement to reach customers as well as to increase customer awareness of eCommerce in general and brand name in particular. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999) ? Substitutes; The Substitute of eCommerce, the traditional retailers, is still more attractive than the Etailers. For example, we as consumers more than likely would rather go to the bookstore and browse through a book before we buy it. (Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999 ) 3. 3 Expansion †¢ Lack of Spanish website version (Latino and Hispanic Americans are the fastest-growing online ethnic group) †¢ Amazon. com is very less popular or it can said there are people without knowing the existence of Amazon. om †¢ Website is not more expanded with more languages options where currently there are options only for Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China (www. amazon. com) Competition with Barnes Nobles Amazon. com Weakness ? Difficulties of handling large number of customers ? Limited operating history ? Security awareness ? Low margins in the sector ? Risk of introduction of wrong new categories which could damage company’s bran d ? Company’s offered free shipping might affect future financial outcome ? Certain products (high volume/weight) have high shipping costs which could confront with local offline retailers Threats ? eBay, Barnes Nobles, and Wal-Mart ? Population segment not targeted to on-line sales due to their lack of internet access ? Weak economic performance of Germany and France in the last year ? Competition will increase due to the low barriers to entry in the market: offline companies are coming online ? Heavy investments in Partnerships (Dustin Nadeau Donatas Sumyla. April 2006) Barnes and Nobles and Amazon. com are competing, but both stores and other online stores recognize what works and are studying one another – often duplicating one another’s business strategies. This has resulted in them having more similarities than differences and it helps the consumers find similarities across the Web such as; †¢ When a description of an item is given, Amazon and Barnes and Nobles both place the shopping cart option prominently displayed to the upper, right portion of the screen. This makes it very efficient and useable for the viewer and they do not have to search around the page for this button. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ In pricing, both Amazon. com and Barnesandnobles. com display the average price or their items above their own discounted rates so that the users feel as though they are saving money. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ Both sites are â€Å"Flexible†, there is an option of buying things at a later date and placing them in the shopping cart temporarily. This option is called the wish list and it is displayed just beneath the â€Å"Add to Cart† button. Users can access this saved information and acce ss it on their next visit. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢ Both sites offer â€Å"Security† that provides safe shopping, privacy and efficiency by requiring customers to join as members at a certain point during a transaction. Membership is free and requires an email address, full name, home address and phone number. It allowing customers to maintain an order status and helps provide a history of what they bought. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) †¢   Both sites are very â€Å"Scalable†, allowing for a huge selection of items to be added to the product catalog or taken away. A Field size is accommodated in the database. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001) 4. 0 Alternative Solutions 4. 1 Reduce expenditure in inventories and better management in supply chain ? Use increased income to pay down long-term debt ? Keep operating costs low (efficiencies of scales) ? Increase expenditure on Research Development arena ? Strategic cost analysis ( WOU , MIS notes) ? Determining Differentiation ( WOU , MIS notes) 4. 2 Presenting a competitive edge to competitors †¢ Create more expertise in marketing and more product launches compared to competitors; †¢ Do a more through research on the customers needs and come up with something new that has its own brand and establishes as only Amazon. om could have the product. (Sujan Sarkar. April 23, 2007) †¢ A new Strategy on only books should be brought up in order to outcome one tough opponent as Barnes Nobles. For example, Amazon. com’s booth’s can be set up in country sides where there is no access for Internet and give knowledge to country people that there also business through online. This is because; giving more exposure and awareness to people might be a business opportunit y as well. †¢ Product review information; Customers would have n a clear description, synopsis and other customer’s review on the book as it gives a clear rating of the book and there won’t be any sort of disappointments for them after purchase. 4. 3 Expansion to Asia †¢ Create different website versions based on the five most common language in Asian region †¢ Focus marketing strategies on customer feedback to find out what Asian customers tend to buy. †¢ Word of mouth advertisement (Onder Savas Devrim Dirik. January 9, 2003) †¢ Continue expanding its product lines 5. 0 Recommended Solution Implementation 5. Technology Integration and RD Amazon. com should increase expenditure in the research and development arena. We believe that Amazon should prepare itself for additional telecommunications implementations such as high speed internet and network security. These types of implementation, though representative of considerable RD costs, are pro bably most significant factors that etailers must prepare for near future. As users, connections increase in speed, any delays on the part of the etailer they are connecting to will become obvious and less tolerable. Amazon can stay ahead of the pack by preparing a unique and comfortable interface for the users. 5. 2 Strategic Cost Analysis Amazon. com should also use Strategic cost analysis process where identify the firm’s value chain, diagnose the key elements that drive the costs of each value activity, identify competitors value chains, develop a strategy to lower relative costs by controlling cost drivers, ensure that any cost reduction does not erode differentiation in service and test the cost reductions if its sustainable in the end of the analysis. . 3 Differentiation They should also consider by costs by determining Differentiation where the process goes as determine who the real buyer is, identify buyer’s value chain and put in rank order the buyer’s reason to purchase, asses the current potential sources of diffentiation, identify the cost of these resources, design a value chain to maximize value relative costs, test for sustainiablity and reduce costs in activi ties that do not affect the chosen forms of differentiation. 5. Inventory; There are programs built to be extremely user-friendly, and most offer great support along the way of usage for online businesses to maintain the book database. Amazon should invest in software to best highlight and maintain the data on the site and importantly back up systems. Keep inventory accurate and up to date; This is also an important aspect that Amazon can out beat its competitors with as this is first step towards building a long-term relationship with that customer. Inventory of the books stock-out and sold out will be kept up to date on the site. 5. 5 Visionary Informative A picture is worth a thousand words; Uploading pictures by decreasing explanations or descriptions could attract customer’s attraction and curiosity in exploring the book. Somehow it boosts up sales compared to other online booksellers who give attention in words. Product Review Information; In case of books, editorial reviews are provided by the company and it applies for all books. Customers can also rate each other’s review. A rating is placed against each review so that customers can decide whether to read or not based on that. Most online booksellers do not include this but they display the customer’s satisfaction on the delivery service provided by them which is less important to boost up sales. People out there want to pay you for your books; Amazon should use own merchant service account or a service offered by a listing site, make sure that customers can buy books quickly and painlessly with a credit card while you have them on the brink of finalizing said purchase. Don’t judge a book by its cover; First impressions are lasting impressions. When a customer receives the book they’ve ordered, make sure the first thing they see is a product and package that you are proud to have supplied by using use clean, new boxes without writing (or envelopes for low-cost paperbacks) for shipments. Customers will be expecting an excellent service but if its vice versa then they are chances for them to switch to other online retailers. 5. 6 Keep customers in the loop on everything; Amazon should update the status of order to customers on the order made and also keep them in loop by e-mail the listing service directly with questions about their orders and keep updating the latest events and new stocks of books through emails. 5. 7 Shipping Delivery Follow-up; After shipping out an item to the customer, Amazon should send them an e-mail a day or two after expecting that they’ll receive their package, asking them if they’ve received it and are satisfied, and reminding them that there customer rep are there to help should they have any questions about their order. This is also a great time to remind them that you have similar items in stock or to offer them a coupon towards future purchases. 5. 8 Expansion to Asia Region Amazon should strive to expand its expertise to Asia region as well as high potentials are there which huge population. Education is becoming one important aspect in Asia and lack of important reference books are always a problem in many parts of Asia. It should diversify its marketing capability in Asia too to capture the market. Amazon is very less popular in Asia regions. Amazon. om should take Asia to consider for its business expansion. Amazon could also diversify its marketing and research ability to expand mostly to the developed countries of other territory. In order to grow big and always sustain in the market and competition, Amazon should takes this sort of steps to expand. International Sites; Amazon. com has got an added advantage of international sites on Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China. All about what the customers have to do to browse the site with their language is by clicking to their national site. For example, if you clink Japan, immediately the whole website will change its descriptions and instructions into Japanese language. This is not at all applicable for a customer in Malaysia or any other regions of Asia. It should expand and add more languages options in its site to accumulate its customers. Giving customers what they want is also one strategy not all online business can do but if this can be proven in Amazon’s case then it have all the potential to be the one. 5. 9 Word-of mouth advertisement Amazon also should increase its word-of mouth advertisement. This might seem odd for an industry leader to rely upon such a quaint tactics as this, but we truly believe that in the world of Internet this is a powerful tool. We are quick to visit sites that our friends identify as being fabulous, and Amazon might capitalize on this by rewarding its customers who can reel in a new prospects. 6. 0 Expand the product lines Amazon should expand its product lines. Given’s Amazon’s vision and its unique position in the etailer industry, the cost associated with entering new markets is significantly lower than that of its competitors. There is no reasons to let this advantage slip away unused. Conclusion In order to stay focus on business Amazon. com has various ways and strategies that can be implemented with proper organizations communication networks. Financial reports should be reviewed annually and quarterly if necessary to come up with decisions whether to boost up sales or to maintain on a certain criteria for the wellness of business. Amazon. com also should have a frequent customer feedback program where they could exchange view on the services and products most desired to be acquired online by customers. Top level management meetings should be initiated to assure goals are achieved. A proper corrective action should be determined after the first year if annual objectives weren’t accomplished. However there are difficulties and competitions to overcome, and how companies attack these difficulties will separate the winners form the losers. Appendix |AMAZON. COM, INC. HISTORICAL INCOME STATEMENTS | |(in millions, except per share data)(quarterly information unaudited) | |Amazon. com Investor Relations | | | | | | | |Calendar Years Ended – December 31, | | |2008 |2007 |2006 |2005 |2004 |2003 |2002 | |Media |   | $ 5,350 | $ 4,630 | $ 3,582 | $ 3,046 | $ 2,589 | $ | | | | | | | | |2,270 | |Other |   | 448 | 326 | 263 | 222 | 130 | | | | | | | | | |110 | |International |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Media |   | 5,734 | 4,612 | 3,485 | 2,885 | 2,513 | | | | | | | | | |1,780 | |Other |   | 94| 57| 20| | | | | | | | | |8 |2 |- | |Consolidated |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |Media |   | 11,084 | 9,242 | 7,067 | 5,931 | 5,102 | | | | | | | | | |4,050 | |Other |   | 542 | 383 | 283 | 230 | 132 | | | | | | | | | |110 | Table 2- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) |Total U. S. Home, Work and University Locations, Unique Visitors (000) | |Source: comScore Media Metrix | |Rank |Property |Unique Visitors |Rank |Property |Unique Visitors | | | |(000) | | |  (000) | |   |Total Internet : Total Audience |191,863 |   |   |   | |1 |Google Sites |151,010 |26 |Target Corporation |28,628 | |2 |Yahoo! Sites |146,131 |27 |Time Warner – Excluding AOL |27,209 | |3 |Microsoft Sites |125,568 |28 |Weatherbug Property |26,944 | |4 |AOL LLC |108,441 |29 |Bank of America |26,322 | |5 |Fox Interactive Media |90,510 |30 |United Online, Inc |26,048 | |6 |Ask Network |74,742 |31 |Gorilla Nation |25,585 | |7 |eBay |72,160 |32 |ATT, Inc. 25,574 | |8 |Amazon Sites |64,768 |33 |Answers. com Sites |25,563 | |9 |Wikipedia Foundation Sites |62,737 |34 |Demand Media |25,447 | |10 |FACEBOOK. COM |57,232 |35 |CareerBuilder LLC |24,750 | |11 |Glam Media |55,293 |36 |Everyday Health |24,717 | |12 |Turner Network |54,877 |37 |Shopzilla. com Sites |24,097 | |13 |Apple Inc. 54,194 |38 |Photobucket. com LLC |23,928 | |14 |CBS Corporation |53,539 |39 |WordPress |23,730 | |15 |New York Times Digital |49,110 |40 |Real. com Network |23,359 | |16 |Viacom Digital |46,510 |41 |Expedia Inc |22,703 | |17 |Weather Channel, The |40,056 |42 |JPMorgan Chase Property |22,399 | |18 |craigslist, inc. 39,437 |43 |Monst er Worldwide |22,244 | |19 |ATT Interactive Network |38,184 |44 |Gannett Sites |21,829 | |20 |Adobe Sites |35,315 |45 |WorldNow – ABC Owned Sites |21,586 | |21 |Comcast Corporation |33,940 |46 |WebMD Health |21,185 | |22 |Wal-Mart |33,513 |47 |iVillage. com: The Womens Network |21,002 | |23 |Superpages. com Network |32,558 |48 |NBC Universal |20,974 | |24 |Verizon Communications Corporation |32,412 |49 |WhitePages |19,351 | |25 |Disney Online |30,345 |50 |ESPN |19,266 | Table 3; Media Matrix; http://www. comscore. com References 1] Chao Janice C. Rice, Brandi S. Dec 8, 1999 http://www. rhsmith. umd. du/faculty/jbailey/ents630/amazon. pdf 2] Dustin Nadeau Donatas Sumyla. April 2006- Amazon. Com Inc 2004. (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 3] Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001 – E-Transaction: Shopping Carts Comparison (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 4] Paul Larson. February 14, Amazon. com – Motley Fool Research, Stock Report http://www. fool. com/search/index. aspx? go=1site=USMFq=am azon. com (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 5] Onder Savas Devrim Dirik. January 9, 2003 – Informat? on Management (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 6] Strategic Analysis of Amazon. com (Accessed Feb 19, 2009) 7] www. wikinvest. com/wiki/E-Commerce, (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 8] www. ikinvest. com/stock/Amazon. com_(AMZN), (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 9] www. wikinvest. com/stock/Barnes_%26_Noble_(BKS), (Accessed Feb 20, 2009) 10] Sujan Sarkar. April 23, 2007 – Amazon vs. Barnes Noble: www. santarosa. edu/~ssarkar/cs66sp07/fprj/abn. htm (Accessed Feb 16, 2009) 11] Table 1- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) 12] Table 2- Source; www. amazon. com (Investors Relations) (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) 13] Table 3; Media Matrix; http://www. comscore. com (Accessed Feb 17, 2009) ———————– AMAZON Supplier New Entrance Substitute Consumers

Research project - what are the effects of multiple losses on children Essay

Research project - what are the effects of multiple losses on children with special reference to Looked After Children - Essay Example nge of background situations such as abuse, domestic violence, marital breakdown, imprisonment of a parent, poverty and mental illness of a parent and death of one or both parents, that can lead to a child becoming looked after (Richardson and Joughin, 2000, pp.3-4). When these factors are combined, multiple losses occur (Goldman, 2001, pp.28). These multiple losses include, loss of parental care, economic security, and emotional security (Goldman, 2001, pp.28-39). The literature has been found to show many omissions regarding how to tackle the issues of children suffering from multiple losses. These include, strategies that could be used to respond to the needs of LAC experiencing multiple losses in order to minimise its impact on them. The real impact of multiple losses has also been underexplored. To fill the lacunae left by the reviewed literature, a hypothetical research proposal to carry out a primary research ‘exploring the factors that contribute to multiple losses in looked after children and identify the strategies to help these children cope with these losses is put forth in the fourth chapter. This study envisages to apply a qualitative approach enabled by a semi-structured approach to data collection. The sampling method will be purposive and 25 looked after children living in different types of care institutions, who have suffered multiple losses will be interviewed. This project will be an attempt to look into the topic of multiple losses and the effects that these have upon children – paying special attention to the issue of ‘Looked After Children’. One definition of loss is that â€Å"a loss event is anything that causes†¦.harm, excessive risk, inadequate quality and excessive costs† (Latino, pp.45). Hooyman and Kramer stated that, â€Å"losses†¦. always result in deprivation of some kind; in essence, we no longer have someone or something that we used to have† (2006, pp.2). Additionally, the reason why loss matters so much is that

Labor & Management Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labor & Management Relations - Research Paper Example As for employees, the job market in the United States has been turned upside down in the last couple of years, as a major result of the economic turmoil facing the country (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011), the average unemployment rate across the United States remained steady for February and March 2011 at an estimated 8.8%. Thus, while working for a company like Wal-Mart may not be ideal, it may be one of the few forms of employment that many Americans are able to secure under the current economic circumstances facing the country today (Glasmeier, 2006). Unfortunately, the retailer is taking obvious advantage of the desperation of customers and employees. In remaining a major force in the retail industry, gaining power through the economic crisis on multiple levels, the actual costs behind its low prices are definitely not a part of the organization’s publicized marketing strategy (MSNBC, 2005). ... These customers do not need to be made to feel badly about their shopping experience, Wal-Mart has an opportunity that they are failing to realize. At this point, they have a massive market share, which will most likely return to what it was prior to the 2008 economic collapse, in the next couple of years when the economy bounces back from its brief devastation; based on historical data (Microsoft, 2011). However, without implementing a training program that drives customer loyalty through employee satisfaction, Wal-Mart has the potential to lose their significant gain, to competitors like Target, when unemployment rates are down and the economy is booming once again (Microsoft, 2011). Thus, this paper will examine the many reports of federal law violations and unacceptable human rights standards to which the big-box retailer has become accustomed in its time of economic prosper and impermanent power. According to Cram (2005), â€Å"In 2002, 43 distinct charges were filed against Wa l-Mart for violations of the National Labor Relations Act and since 1995, 60 complaints have been filed against Wal-Mart with the National Labor Relations Board.† In response to these charges, this paper will also recommend implementation of a training project that will ultimately help to improve the image of Wal-Mart in the eyes of its most important assets, its human resources. Assessment The number of employee complaints and lawsuits against Wal-Mart for its poor, and in some cases illegal, employment and employee relations practices that have been steadily rising throughout the past decade, makes this problem worthy of addressing; particularly at the local level where managers have

Outline Of Consciousness :: essays research papers

Section 4: Consciousness Pages 114-117 I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Defining Consciousness a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consciousness is commonly defined as being aware of the immediate environment. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, knowing when to go to class or work. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consciousness also deals with awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and memories. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Examples 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making plans for dates. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Getting annoyed at your performance in school. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thinking back about good times with your friends. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early psychologists and their studies i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When early psychologists studied the mind, they studied consciousness. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Wundt (late 1880’s) had subjects report contents of consciousness while working, falling asleep, and sitting still. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sigmund Freud (1900’s) wrote that needs, desires, and influences are part of the conscious and people have different levels of consciousness. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dualism i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Started by French philosopher Rene Descartes stated that mind and body are separate, but interacting. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dualism says that one thing cannot exist without it’s opposite. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Light cannot exist without darkness. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good cannot exist without the presence of evil. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The body cannot function without the mind, and so forth. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Materialism i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychologists say that our mental activity is rooted in the brain. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dominant perspective with modern psychologists. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tends to take a less black and white view of â€Å"consciousness† versus â€Å"unconsciousness.† iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychologists say that you are more aware of certain mental processes over others. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, doing the same routine at work and time seems to go by faster. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cognitive psychologists ignore the unconscious. They call it the deliberate versus the automatic. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different levels of Consciousness i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud and other cognitive psychologists came up with this theory. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consciousness is a continuum. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alert attention b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dreaming c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hypnosis d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug-induced states 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Someone who isn’t paying attention is still conscious, just not â€Å"as conscious† as someone that is alert. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Believes that drinking will bring you into a lower level of consciousness. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you are in a state of consciousness that is different from what you normally are, you are in an altered state of consciousness. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you are asleep, however, you are in a state of â€Å"turned off† consciousness. (Hobson, 1994) ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Metacognition 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being able to think about their own thinking. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  May allow them to access levels of consciousness that are not available to other people. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, people’s natural sleep timers. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researched by asking people to track their consciousness, alertness, and moods over a length of time. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Found out that there is a natural rhythm to consciousness. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Functions of Consciousness 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allows us to monitor our mental and physical states. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allows us to control our mental and physical states, to an extant. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is consciousness? 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General state of being aware of and responsive to events in the environment, as well as one’s own mental processes. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theories of Consciousness a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several researchers suggested biological theories of consciousness. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Used evolution of the brain as the key to consciousness. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaynes (1976) believed that consciousness came from the different functions of the hemispheres of the brain. Outline Of Consciousness :: essays research papers Section 4: Consciousness Pages 114-117 I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Defining Consciousness a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consciousness is commonly defined as being aware of the immediate environment. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, knowing when to go to class or work. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consciousness also deals with awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and memories. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Examples 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Making plans for dates. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Getting annoyed at your performance in school. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thinking back about good times with your friends. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early psychologists and their studies i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When early psychologists studied the mind, they studied consciousness. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Wundt (late 1880’s) had subjects report contents of consciousness while working, falling asleep, and sitting still. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sigmund Freud (1900’s) wrote that needs, desires, and influences are part of the conscious and people have different levels of consciousness. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dualism i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Started by French philosopher Rene Descartes stated that mind and body are separate, but interacting. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dualism says that one thing cannot exist without it’s opposite. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Light cannot exist without darkness. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good cannot exist without the presence of evil. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The body cannot function without the mind, and so forth. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Materialism i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychologists say that our mental activity is rooted in the brain. ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dominant perspective with modern psychologists. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tends to take a less black and white view of â€Å"consciousness† versus â€Å"unconsciousness.† iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychologists say that you are more aware of certain mental processes over others. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, doing the same routine at work and time seems to go by faster. v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cognitive psychologists ignore the unconscious. They call it the deliberate versus the automatic. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different levels of Consciousness i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freud and other cognitive psychologists came up with this theory. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consciousness is a continuum. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alert attention b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dreaming c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hypnosis d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Drug-induced states 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Someone who isn’t paying attention is still conscious, just not â€Å"as conscious† as someone that is alert. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Believes that drinking will bring you into a lower level of consciousness. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you are in a state of consciousness that is different from what you normally are, you are in an altered state of consciousness. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you are asleep, however, you are in a state of â€Å"turned off† consciousness. (Hobson, 1994) ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Metacognition 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being able to think about their own thinking. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  May allow them to access levels of consciousness that are not available to other people. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For example, people’s natural sleep timers. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Researched by asking people to track their consciousness, alertness, and moods over a length of time. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Found out that there is a natural rhythm to consciousness. iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Functions of Consciousness 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allows us to monitor our mental and physical states. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allows us to control our mental and physical states, to an extant. iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is consciousness? 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General state of being aware of and responsive to events in the environment, as well as one’s own mental processes. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theories of Consciousness a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several researchers suggested biological theories of consciousness. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Used evolution of the brain as the key to consciousness. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jaynes (1976) believed that consciousness came from the different functions of the hemispheres of the brain.