Friday, January 24, 2020
Outline Of Consciousness :: essays research papers
Section 4: Consciousness Pages 114-117 I.     Defining Consciousness a.     Consciousness is commonly defined as being aware of the immediate environment. i.     For example, knowing when to go to class or work. b.     Consciousness also deals with awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and memories. i.     Examples 1.     Making plans for dates. 2.     Getting annoyed at your performance in school. 3.     Thinking back about good times with your friends. c.     Early psychologists and their studies i.     When early psychologists studied the mind, they studied consciousness. 1.     William Wundt (late 1880’s) had subjects report contents of consciousness while working, falling asleep, and sitting still. 2.     Sigmund Freud (1900’s) wrote that needs, desires, and influences are part of the conscious and people have different levels of consciousness. d.     Dualism i.     Started by French philosopher Rene Descartes stated that mind and body are separate, but interacting. ii.     Dualism says that one thing cannot exist without it’s opposite. 1.     Light cannot exist without darkness. 2.     Good cannot exist without the presence of evil. 3.     The body cannot function without the mind, and so forth. e.     Materialism i.     Psychologists say that our mental activity is rooted in the brain. ii.     Dominant perspective with modern psychologists. iii.     Tends to take a less black and white view of â€Å"consciousness†versus â€Å"unconsciousness.†iv.     Psychologists say that you are more aware of certain mental processes over others. 1.     For example, doing the same routine at work and time seems to go by faster. v.     Cognitive psychologists ignore the unconscious. They call it the deliberate versus the automatic. f.     Different levels of Consciousness i.     Freud and other cognitive psychologists came up with this theory. 1.     Consciousness is a continuum. a.     Alert attention b.     Dreaming c.     Hypnosis d.     Drug-induced states 2.     Someone who isn’t paying attention is still conscious, just not â€Å"as conscious†as someone that is alert. 3.     Believes that drinking will bring you into a lower level of consciousness. 4.     If you are in a state of consciousness that is different from what you normally are, you are in an altered state of consciousness. 5.     When you are asleep, however, you are in a state of â€Å"turned off†consciousness. (Hobson, 1994) ii.     Metacognition 1.     Being able to think about their own thinking. 2.     May allow them to access levels of consciousness that are not available to other people. a.     For example, people’s natural sleep timers. 3.     Researched by asking people to track their consciousness, alertness, and moods over a length of time. a.     Found out that there is a natural rhythm to consciousness. iii.     Functions of Consciousness 1.     Allows us to monitor our mental and physical states. 2.     Allows us to control our mental and physical states, to an extant. iv.     What is consciousness? 1.     General state of being aware of and responsive to events in the environment, as well as one’s own mental processes. II.     Theories of Consciousness a.     Several researchers suggested biological theories of consciousness. i.     Used evolution of the brain as the key to consciousness. 1.     Jaynes (1976) believed that consciousness came from the different functions of the hemispheres of the brain. Outline Of Consciousness :: essays research papers Section 4: Consciousness Pages 114-117 I.     Defining Consciousness a.     Consciousness is commonly defined as being aware of the immediate environment. i.     For example, knowing when to go to class or work. b.     Consciousness also deals with awareness of your thoughts, feelings, and memories. i.     Examples 1.     Making plans for dates. 2.     Getting annoyed at your performance in school. 3.     Thinking back about good times with your friends. c.     Early psychologists and their studies i.     When early psychologists studied the mind, they studied consciousness. 1.     William Wundt (late 1880’s) had subjects report contents of consciousness while working, falling asleep, and sitting still. 2.     Sigmund Freud (1900’s) wrote that needs, desires, and influences are part of the conscious and people have different levels of consciousness. d.     Dualism i.     Started by French philosopher Rene Descartes stated that mind and body are separate, but interacting. ii.     Dualism says that one thing cannot exist without it’s opposite. 1.     Light cannot exist without darkness. 2.     Good cannot exist without the presence of evil. 3.     The body cannot function without the mind, and so forth. e.     Materialism i.     Psychologists say that our mental activity is rooted in the brain. ii.     Dominant perspective with modern psychologists. iii.     Tends to take a less black and white view of â€Å"consciousness†versus â€Å"unconsciousness.†iv.     Psychologists say that you are more aware of certain mental processes over others. 1.     For example, doing the same routine at work and time seems to go by faster. v.     Cognitive psychologists ignore the unconscious. They call it the deliberate versus the automatic. f.     Different levels of Consciousness i.     Freud and other cognitive psychologists came up with this theory. 1.     Consciousness is a continuum. a.     Alert attention b.     Dreaming c.     Hypnosis d.     Drug-induced states 2.     Someone who isn’t paying attention is still conscious, just not â€Å"as conscious†as someone that is alert. 3.     Believes that drinking will bring you into a lower level of consciousness. 4.     If you are in a state of consciousness that is different from what you normally are, you are in an altered state of consciousness. 5.     When you are asleep, however, you are in a state of â€Å"turned off†consciousness. (Hobson, 1994) ii.     Metacognition 1.     Being able to think about their own thinking. 2.     May allow them to access levels of consciousness that are not available to other people. a.     For example, people’s natural sleep timers. 3.     Researched by asking people to track their consciousness, alertness, and moods over a length of time. a.     Found out that there is a natural rhythm to consciousness. iii.     Functions of Consciousness 1.     Allows us to monitor our mental and physical states. 2.     Allows us to control our mental and physical states, to an extant. iv.     What is consciousness? 1.     General state of being aware of and responsive to events in the environment, as well as one’s own mental processes. II.     Theories of Consciousness a.     Several researchers suggested biological theories of consciousness. i.     Used evolution of the brain as the key to consciousness. 1.     Jaynes (1976) believed that consciousness came from the different functions of the hemispheres of the brain.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
North and South
At the onset of the American Civil War, following the secession of the South from the Union to create the Confederate States of America, the North and South were two completely different worlds in terms of their way of life. Simply put, each region had a different goal for itself, had moved in a very different direction over the past 100 years since the end of the Revolutionary period. When the Civil War began in 1861 the two armies that would meet in battle after battle throughout the turbulent, bloody years of the Civil War were as different as any two groups could be, despite the fact that they were from the same country, in terms of their geography, their politics, and their military, all of which were contributing factors in the ultimate outcome of the war itself. The geography of the two regions of the United States can be linked to perhaps the major difference in terms of the two sides. In the North, where climates were colder, summer’s were shorter, and the productivity of small farming was low, industrialization became a major part of their way of life. People in the north mostly lived in towns or cities, and their livelihoods depended on going to work everyday at a factory or within some industry. They were used to taking orders and fulfilling them on a deadline. In the South, with their warm climate and long growing seasons, farming became a way of life. They lived an agrarian lifestyle, and therefore became more independent in terms of their views and thoughts. They had never had to answer to someone telling them what to do in the way that factory workers in the North did, which led to free-thinking and a sense of strong-willed independence. Their geography affected the way they thought and felt about themselves, and this would be an extremely important factor in the Civil War. The political climates of each region were affected by the types of mind sets that each group developed because of their ways of life. In the North, the prevailing idea was to create a strong and centralized federal government that would supercede any of the politics of the individual states. The view was that the federal government would have to be stronger than the states so that the country could create a higher power, so to speak, in government that would establish rules, regulations, and laws that all states had to abide by. Basically, the North wanted the government to be a mini-version of working for a business in the North–people not questioning the decisions of the federal government, and instead simply obeying. This idea went against everything the agrarian, independent South stood for. Besides the institution of slavery, the issues went much deeper as southerners felt that only a local, state government could really know the issues and problems for their individual states, and only a state government was best to deal with it. The secession from the Union to create the Confederate States of America just prior to the Civil War is a perfect example of how serious the South was about this. Militarily, the North and the South were very different as well. The North had three-times the population of the South, which meant many more soldiers to help the Union cause if the war was long and drawn out. In the North people were used to taking orders and blindly following them; in the South, people were much more independent-minded. The North also had one major advantage, the fact that they were industrialized and could quickly open and run factories to supply the army with any necessities, including arms and ammunition. This created a major divide in the two armies, that would end in a Union victory. The North and South were two completely different places, despite the fact they resided in the same borders. Their differences were too large to overcome without a war, and the Civil War was the cumulation of the politic and social bickering that had been happening for years. It is hard to imagine the South winning in light of so much stacked against them, and the North was simply better prepared due to their way of life and their industry to fight a long-standing war. Works Cited Nelson, Rebecca, ed. The Handy History Answer Book. Detroit: Invisible Ink, 1999. 105-110.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
The Organizational Structure Mission, Vision And Values
Introduction (The Organizational Structure – Mission, Vision and Values) Every long term vision strategy is most likely centered on building an ethical organization. It is critical for an organization to have core set of values and principles to establish its identity. Identity is a key component of helping others to understand what it is that the employees are trying to accomplish. Developing a mission, vision and values statement is the foundation to a company’s identity and structure. These three charters help to keep the ideals of the organization in mind during all stages of development and growth. A mission statement explains the organization’s reason for existence. It describes the purpose, what is to be done and the overall intention. The mission statement supports the vision and communicates the direction to all affiliates, associates, employees and stakeholders. As the organization evolves, the mission statement can change to reflect developing priorities and methods to accomplish its vision. The mission statement should be based on the core competencies of the company. It is ideal to base this on competitively superior internal strengths where the individuals, within the organization, perform well in comparison to the competition. The mission statement should be structured to motivate and inspire participation and commitment. It needs to be realistic, clear, and avoid being too narrow or too broad. The mission statement needs to be a preciseShow MoreRelatedOrganization And Unit Mission, Vision, And Values. According1720 Words  | 7 PagesOrganization and Unit Mission, Vision, and Values According to Huber (2014), in order to accomplish a common goal, an organization needs to have a teamwork. The organizational social structure of health care system has a crucial role in forming an environment that is focused on patient care (Huber, 2014). 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